Question 31
Context: After analyzing the monthly maximum temperature trends for Kerala and Punjab,
Q. What thoughts or questions occur to you?
To analyze temperature trends, we first need to clarify the available data and then formulate specific questions to answer using data handling tools.
Step 1 — Understanding the Data
We need to know the exact temperature values. What are the units of temperature? How many years of data are included in these trends? Are we looking at maximum temperatures for each month, or an average of maximums?
Step 2 — Formulating Comparison Questions
Kerala and Punjab have very different geographies. Kerala is in the south and coastal. Punjab is in the north and inland. Their climates will naturally differ. We can use mean and median to compare their typical temperatures.
Step 3 — Analyzing Temperature Trends
"Trends" tell us how temperatures change over time. Are the temperatures increasing, decreasing, or staying stable? We can look at the mean or median over different time periods. We can also consider the range of temperatures.
Answer
(i) What specific monthly maximum temperature data do we have for Kerala and Punjab (e.g., for which years and months)? (ii) How can we calculate the mean (average) monthly maximum temperature for each state? (iii) How does the median (middle value) of monthly maximum temperatures for Kerala compare to Punjab? (iv) Is there an increasing or decreasing trend in monthly maximum temperatures for each state over the years? (v) Are there any specific months where the temperature trends are very different between Kerala and Punjab? (vi) How does the variability (spread) of monthly maximum temperatures differ between Kerala and Punjab?
More questions in IT
Consider any 2 numbers. Find their average/arithmetic mean. Repeat this by taking other pairs. What do you observe?
Calculate and mark the mean of each collection of data below.
Can you explain how the mean is the centre of each collection?
Mark the mean for the collections below.
Verify that this holds for all the collections of data shown earlier.
Can there be more than one such ‘centre’? In other words, is there any other value such that the sum of the distances to the values lower than it and the values higher than it will still be equal?
What happens to the mean when an existing value is removed? When will the mean increase, decrease, or stay the same?
What happens to the mean if a value equal to the mean is included or removed?
Try to explain this using the fair-share interpretation of mean that we studied last year.
Explore if it is possible to include or remove 2 values such that the mean is unchanged.
You may use the following data to experiment with.
How about including or removing 3 values without changing the mean? Is it possible?
Try to include 2 values greater than the mean and 1 value less than the mean, so that the mean stays the same.
We saw what happens to the mean when values are included or removed from the collection. What happens to the mean if every value in the collection increases by some fixed number?
Consider the data: 8, 3, 10, 13, 4, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 5. Calculate its mean.
Now, consider this data with every value increased by 10: 18, 13, 20, 23, 14, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 15. What is its mean? Is there a quicker way to find out?
[Hint: Observe the following dot plots corresponding to the two data collections.]
Try to explain, using algebra, what the average is when a fixed number, e.g., 2 is subtracted from every value in the collection.
Try to explain this using the fair-share interpretation of average that you learnt last year.
What happens to the average if every value in the collection is doubled?
Can you tell what data is in column B7?
In which subjects has Ashwin scored more than 30 marks?
Context: Sudhakar has collected the mid-term exam marks obtained by his Grade 8 students in a spreadsheet.
Q. What formula would you type to find out the class average marks in Science?
Context: Sudhakar has collected the mid-term exam marks obtained by his Grade 8 students in a spreadsheet.
Q. Find out if the class average marks in Odia is greater than the class average marks in Telugu.
Context: Sudhakar has collected the mid-term exam marks obtained by his Grade 8 students in a spreadsheet.
Q. Show the average marks in other subjects after the last row by typing the appropriate formulae.
Context: Sudhakar has collected the mid-term exam marks obtained by his Grade 8 students in a spreadsheet.
Q. Get the total scores of each student by typing the appropriate formulae.
Context: The following figure is a clustered-column graph that shows the monthly maximum temperature in Kerala and Punjab in 2023.
Q. Now, observe the following graph. Do both these graphs represent the same information?
How do we get the maximum temperature over a month in a state?
Notice how the graph is organised, what scale is used, and what patterns the data shows.
Analyse and interpret each of the observations you made. Share appropriate summary/conclusion statements.
Here are some directions to think about —
- Why are the trends so distinct in these two states? What factors determine a region's temperature?
- You might be curious to look at the trends of a few other states. Are there other types of trends that states exhibit?
- Which states show trends similar to Punjab's? Is there anything common between these states?
Context: After analyzing the monthly maximum temperature trends for Kerala and Punjab,
Q. What thoughts or questions occur to you?
Context: Space Jam: A Traffic Problem in the Future?
Take a look at the line graph below showing the annual number of objects launched into space.
Q. What could be the possible method used to derive this data? Discuss.
Context: Space Jam: A Traffic Problem in the Future?
Step 1: Identify what is given
Q. Notice how the graph is organised, what scale is used, and what patterns the data shows.
Context: Space Jam: A Traffic Problem in the Future?
Step 2: Infer from and interpret what is given
Q. Analyse and interpret each of the observations you made. Once all interpretations are made, summarising/concluding statements can be made.
Which of the following statements are valid inferences?
- From 2012 till 2024, the worldwide count of space object launches increased every year.
- USA is a major contributor in the years 2022–24, launching about th of the worldwide count.
- Nepal did not launch any object in the period 2012–24.
- The combined count of object launches by China and Russia in 2024 is about 400.
Identify two consecutive years where the worldwide count increased by 2 times or more.
What could be the possible method to compile this data?
Mark these cities on a map of India. What is common to how they are grouped in the graphs? Share your observations and inferences about the graphs.
Identify the peak months and low months of rainfall for each city.
Read about the south-west monsoon and north-east monsoon and which regions come under the influence of these and when.
Share your observations. Based on this infographic, answer the following:
(i) The value of Karnataka is hidden. Can you guess what it could be?
(ii) Which are the top 5 states where rice is the most popular?
(iii) Which are the top 5 states where wheat is the most popular?
(iv) List a few states where the preference between rice and wheat is more or less balanced.
Context: Manoj records his activities throughout the day by colouring a strip of paper with 48 boxes, marking time in 30 minute intervals from midnight to midnight. He has recorded five types of activities for three different days of the week on three coloured strips: (i) Sleeping (ii) Eating (iii) Meeting friends, hobbies, media, time with family (iv) Attending classes, studying and homework (v) Showering and getting dressed, yoga or exercise (vi) Travelling
Q. Look at the three coloured strips carefully.
(i) What activity does each colour stand for?
(ii) The three strips correspond to the days Friday – Sunday in some order. Which day do you think each strip represents?
(iii) On one of these days, he went out with friends to watch a long movie. When do you think this happened?
(iv) At what time does his school break for lunch?
(v) What more can the strips tell us?
What would your strip for a weekday look like? How similar or different is it to Manoj’s?
What would a strip of your typical day during your vacation look like? How similar/different would it look?
What would a strip for any of the adults in your family look like? Make a strip of a day for any adult at home. Compare your strip with theirs. What do you find interesting?
Share your observations on this graph. What do you find interesting?
- Referring to the graph below, which of the following statements are valid? Why?
(i) In 1983, the majority in rural areas used kerosene as a primary lighting source while the majority in urban areas used electricity.
(ii) The use of kerosene as a primary lighting source has decreased over time in both rural and urban areas.
(iii) In the year 2000, 10% of the urban households used electricity as a primary lighting source.
(iv) In 2023, there were no power cuts.
- Answer the following questions based on the line graph.
(i) How long do children aged 10 in urban areas spend each day on hobbies and games?
(ii) At what age is the average time spent daily on hobbies and games by rural kids 1.5 hours?
(a) 8 years
(b) 10 years
(c) 12 years
(d) 14 years
(e) 18 years
(iii) Are the following statements correct?
(a) The average time spent daily on hobbies and games by kids aged 15 is twice that of kids aged 10.
(b) All rural kids aged 15 spend at least 1 hour on hobbies and games everyday.
- We all know the typical sunrise and sunset timings. Do you know when the moon rises and sets? Does it follow a regular pattern like the sun? Let's find out. The following graph shows the moonrise and moonset time over a month:
(i) Find out on what dates amavasya (new moon) and purnima (full moon) were in this month.
(ii) What do you notice? What do you wonder?